Tooth pain can range from mild sensitivity to severe, throbbing discomfort that disrupts your daily life. Understanding what causes tooth pain helps you know when to seek treatment and how to prevent future problems.
Tooth Decay and Cavities
Cavities are the most common cause of tooth pain. When bacteria produce acid that erodes tooth enamel, it creates holes that expose sensitive inner layers. Pain may be sharp when eating sweets or drinking cold beverages. Untreated cavities worsen over time, eventually requiring root canals or extraction.
Gum Disease
Gingivitis and periodontitis cause inflammation, bleeding, and pain in the gums. As gum disease progresses, it can cause teeth to become loose and painful. Early treatment prevents permanent damage to gums and bone supporting your teeth.
Tooth Sensitivity
Sensitivity to hot, cold, sweet, or acidic foods indicates exposed dentin or worn enamel. Causes include aggressive brushing, teeth grinding, gum recession, or enamel erosion from acidic foods. Special toothpaste and fluoride treatments can help reduce sensitivity.
Dental Abscess
An abscess is a serious infection at the tooth root or between the tooth and gum. It causes severe, throbbing pain, swelling, fever, and a bad taste in your mouth. Abscesses require immediate dental treatment with antibiotics and drainage to prevent the infection from spreading.
Cracked or Broken Teeth
Cracks from injury, grinding, or biting hard objects expose sensitive inner tooth layers. Pain may be intermittent, occurring when chewing or when the tooth is exposed to temperature changes. Cracks need prompt treatment to prevent infection and further damage.
Teeth Grinding (Bruxism)
Grinding or clenching teeth, especially during sleep, causes jaw pain, headaches, and tooth sensitivity. Over time, it wears down enamel and can crack teeth. A custom nightguard protects teeth and reduces pain.
Sinus Infections
Upper tooth pain can result from sinus pressure rather than dental problems. Sinus infections cause inflammation that presses on tooth roots. If multiple upper teeth hurt and you have congestion, a sinus infection may be the culprit.
When to See a Dentist
Seek dental care if you experience:
- Pain lasting more than 1-2 days
- Severe pain that interferes with daily activities
- Fever or swelling in your face or jaw
- Pain when biting or chewing
- Red, swollen, or bleeding gums
- Bad taste or odor in your mouth
Don't ignore tooth pain - it's your body's warning that something needs attention. Early treatment prevents minor issues from becoming serious problems requiring extensive and expensive procedures.
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